From three dimensions to five steps : The value of deliberate metaphor
نویسنده
چکیده
Recent interest in the nature of deliberate metaphor has demonstrated the need for a threedimensional model of metaphor. Metaphor is not just a matter of language and thought, but also of communication. How can this starting point be connected with a discourse-psychological framework for metaphor in which it is assumed that people have to represent metaphor as part of a number of complementary mental models for discourse? And how can this discourseanalytical approach be formalized in the five-step method for metaphor analysis going from language to thought: Can this method be adjusted to cater to the formal analysis of metaphor in communication as well, so that a distinction can be made between deliberate and non-deliberate metaphor in the five-step method? These are the questions addressed in this article. Das jüngste Interesse an der bewusst eingesetzten, gezielten Metapher hat die Notwendigkeit eines dreidimensionalen Metaphernmodells verdeutlicht. Metaphern sind nicht nur eine Angelegenheit von Sprache und Kognition, sondern auch für die Kommunikation. Dieser Beitrag möchte folgende, sich aus diesen Voraussetzungen ergebene Fragen beantworten: Wie lässt sich dieser Standpunkt verbinden mit einem diskurs-psychologischen Ansatz, in dem vorausgesetzt wird, dass man sich die Metapher als einen Teilbereich komplementärer, im Diskurs aktivierter mentaler Modelle vorstellen soll? Und wie kann dieser diskursanalytische Ansatz in einem fünfschrittigen Modell, das die sprachliche und kognitive Ebene umschließt, formalisiert werden? Kann dieses Modell auch die kommunikativen Dimensionen erfassen, so dass klar zwischen gezielter und ‚ungezielter’ Metaphernverwendung unterschieden werden kann?
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